UTC Time Offset
On the 31st of December 2016, a new leap second was added to GNSS time. The offset between GNSS and UTC time is configurable on certain VBOX units, so you can set it to fixed in the VBOX Setup software - you may have seen a warning message appear about this.
To change the setting, go into VBOX Setup and select the GNSS tab. The current time offset now sits at 18 seconds - this can be updated in the area below. Once this has been changed, close VBOX Setup and the new settings will be saved.
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What is the difference between GNSS and UTC time?
UTC time is the time we all live by. It is affected by leap years and also leap seconds.
GNSS time started on the 1st January 1980, and was accurate to UTC at this point. Since then, there have been 18 leap seconds introduced, and there is now an 18-second difference between GNSS time and UTC time.
Wikipedia: ‘Because the Earth's rotation speed varies in response to climatic and geological events, UTC leap seconds are irregularly spaced and unpredictable. Insertion of each UTC leap second is usually decided about six months in advance by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. When needed to ensure that the difference between the UTC and UT1 (GMT) readings will never exceed 0.9 second.’
Instead of reprogramming each satellite’s internal clock with every leap second added, it was decided that an easier method would be to include the current number of leap seconds in the downloaded navigational data. GNSS engines would then be able to apply this offset.
What causes jumps in GNSS time?
When a GNSS engine is coldstarted and its almanac is erased, it takes 12 minutes to receive a full package of navigational data from satellites.
This is purely down to the amount of time it takes the satellite to send down a full series of messages to the antenna and where in the message the leap second offset detail is stored.
Some GNSS engines will retain the leap second information to avoid time jumps. In this case, time jumps will only occur if the leap second information has been changed, which would only be when a new leap second is introduced.